Reliability and safety analysis of redundant vehicle management computer system

Redundant techniques are widely adopted in vehicle management computer （VMC） to ensure that VMC has high reliability and safety. At the same time, it makes VMC have special characteristics, e.g., failure correlation, event simultaneity, and failure self-recovery. Accordingly, the reliability and safety analysis to redundant VMC system （RVMCS） becomes more difficult. Aimed at the difficulties in RVMCS reliability modeling, this paper adopts generalized stochastic Petri nets to establish the reliability and safety models of RVMCS. Then this paper analyzes RVMCS oper- ating states and potential threats to flight control system. It is verified by simulation that the reli- ability of VMC is not the product of hardware reliability and software reliability, and the interactions between hardware and software faults can reduce the real reliability of VMC obviously. Furthermore, the failure undetected states and false alarming states inevitably exist in RVMCS due to the influences of limited fault monitoring coverage and false alarming probability of fault mon- itoring devices （FMD）. RVMCS operating in some failure undetected states will produce fatal threats to the safety of flight control system. RVMCS operating in some false alarming states will reduce utility of RVMCS obviously. The results abstracted in this paper can guide reliable VMC and efficient FMD designs. The methods adopted in this paper can also be used to analyze other intelligent systems＇ reliability.     

复杂产品研制质量计划执行控制方法

构建了多级质量计划执行模型,对模型中质量计划的复杂业务及状态控制问题进行了分析和研究,在此基础上提出了基于层次模型的质量计划状态控制方法。     

基于运营要求的民用飞机概念设计参数优化

可靠性、经济性和环保性是民用飞机设计必须考虑的运营要求,通过系统研究签派可靠度估算模型、全寿命周期成本和碳排放量模型,构成多目标函数。同时,根据民用飞机实际运营中需要满足的性能要求,建立约束限制条件,最终形成多目标优化模型,然后采用遗传算法实现对优化模型的寻优计算。以A320机型为例,针对不同设计目标进行优化计算。优化结果表明遗传算法的优化方法可行,可为民用飞机概念设计参数的选取提供参考。     

多舱段载人航天器氧分压控制仿真分析

为确保乘员安全性,载人航天器需通过氧分压控制系统将密封舱内的氧分压控制在指标范围内.提出了一种两舱段载人航天器密封舱氧分压控制系统数学模型,包括密封舱体、乘员、供氧组件、舱间通风(IMV)等多个子模块.通过与相关试验数据进行对比,证明了数学模型的准确性.针对由两个容积为60 m3密封舱组成的组合体,利用该模型分析了乘员驻留位置、舱间通风量、氧分压监测模式对两舱氧分压的影响.结果表明:当舱间通风量为0.5 m3/min 且6人驻留在氧分压非主控舱时,两舱氧分压上限差别达到2.2 kPa.两舱氧分压差别会随着舱间通风量的增加而减小.单舱监测模式和两舱监测模式对两舱氧分压影响并不显著,当舱间通风量超过1.5 m3/min时,两种控制模式的氧分压控制效果趋于一致.      

高原环境续航火箭喷管推力降低异常现象

为了研究某种续航火箭喷管推力的异常现象,采用AUSM+(advection upstream splitting method)格式、SST(shear stress transport)湍流模型和LU-SGS(lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel)隐式算法,求解二维轴对称RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes)方程,对入口压力相同、环境压力不同的该喷管进行了数值模拟,得到了在环境压力为50.67~101.32kPa下其推力特性的差异,并分析了异常现象产生的原因.结果表明:随着环境压力的降低,外喷管出口边界的静推力为负值且绝对值呈现先增加后减小的变化规律.在环境压力为60.80~101.32kPa区间范围时,外喷管出口边界的动推力和总推力变化相对较小,当环境压力小于60.80kPa时,该出口边界的动推力和总推力急剧降低.      

Moment-tensor inversion and decomposition for cracks in thin plates

The knowledge of crack type and dislocation orientation is helpful for the lifetime prediction of thin plates on aircrafts. The moment-tensor inversion utilizes the Acoustic Emission (AE) signals to detect cracks and the source mechanisms can be interpreted by the decomposition of moment tensors. Since the traditional moment-tensor inversion is implemented for the AE sources inside infinite elastic bodies, the inversion needs to be modified for the cracks in thin plates. In this study, the moment tensors of cracks in thin plates are derived and the inversion equation is provided based on the Green's function of second kind. A method of modifying the moment tensors to adapt to the existing decomposition processes and source-type plots is provided. By employing the Finite Element Method (FEM), the wave fields generated by the AE sources are computed. The AE sources continuously changing from pure tensile type (Model I) to shear type (Model II) are achieved in the FE models and the moment tensors are recovered. By the comparison between the reference values and recovered solutions, the source type can be accurately identified in the source-type plot and the applicability of the moment-tensor inversion for cracks in thin plates is confirmed.     

用于真空低温环境的热像仪设备舱方案设计和分析

为实现热像仪在真空低温环境下对目标红外辐射的测量,设计了热像仪设备舱。该舱主要包括机械结构与电气系统,可为热像仪提供温度可控、压力基本恒定的环境。其中,机械结构实现热像仪的结构支撑和密封,电气系统实现舱内的温度控制以及压力监测。文章运用有限元软件仿真分析了温度控制系统可实现的控温范围,并用试验方法验证了仿真分析方法的可靠性;还对设备舱的压力变化及密封圈所需的预紧力进行了估算。分析表明该设备舱能够为热像仪在真空低温环境下提供正常的工作条件。     

A physics-based framework for online surface roughness assessment for high-pressure turbines

Surface roughness is a critical health parameter of a turbine blade due to its implications on blade surface heat transfer and structural integrity. This paper proposes a physics-based online framework for Gas Turbine Engines (GTE), in order to assess the blade surface roughness in a high-pressure turbine without engine shutdown. The framework consolidates Gas Path Analysis (GPA) based performance monitoring models and meanline turbomachinery analysis, using a novel GPA-meanline matching process. This extracts meaningful performance deviation trends from GPA, while addressing the uncertainties associated with the measurements and modelling. To relate efficiency loss to surface roughness severity, a meanline-based system-identification process has been developed to establish the meanline representation of the turbine stage, and to incorporate the empirical surface roughness loss correlations. The roughness loss correlations have been evaluated against recent transonic test data in the literature. A modification to the compressibility correction factor has been made according to the evaluation outcome, which improved loss predictions compared to the experimental measurements. The framework was tested on the three-year operational data of a cogeneration GTE, and the results verified the framework's potential for online surface roughness monitoring. The predicted surface roughness showed agreement in both trend and the magnitude-level with the measurements reported in the literature.     

基于粒子滤波和似然比的接收机自主完好性监测算法

由于粒子滤波算法在处理非线性系统非高斯噪声问题具有较大的优势,提出将粒子滤波算法与对数似然比方法有机结合应用于接收机自主完好性监测(Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring,RAIM)中。通过粒子滤波算法对状态进行精确估计,利用对数似然比建立一致性检验统计量进行故障检测。在建立全量累加对数似然比和部分累加对数似然比检验统计值的基础上,通过比较系统各状态累加对数似然比和检测阈值之间的关系,进而对卫星故障进行检测。对算法进行了数学建模,描述了RAIM算法流程。通过实测数据对提出的RAIM算法进行验证,结果表明:粒子滤波在非高斯测量噪声情况下可以对GPS接收机状态进行精确的估计,利用对数似然比建立的一致性检验统计量能有效地检测并隔离故障卫星,验证了该算法应用于接收机自主完好性监测的可行性和有效性。     

直升机旋翼桨-涡干扰状态非定常气弹载荷高精度预估

为准确计算直升机旋翼在复杂的桨-涡干扰(BVI)状态下的气弹载荷,在刚性旋翼计算流体力学方法中引入桨叶弹性变形的影响,建立了一套适合于弹性旋翼BVI状态气动特性分析的计算流体力学/计算结构力学(CFD/CSD)耦合方法.CFD模块对Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)/Euler方程进行求解,并采用双时间法推进和Baldwin-Lomax(B-L)湍流模型.CSD模块采用中等变形梁假设的有限元模型,通过Newmark-Beta方法求解桨叶运动方程.通过代数变换方法进行桨叶网格变形,并建立一个适于流场/结构信息交换的CFD/CSD耦合方法.在分别验证CFD和CSD模块的有效性的基础上,开展UH-60A直升机旋翼的BVI 状态载荷分析,并与飞行测试数据进行了对比.计算结果表明:相比于旋翼综合分析中的升力线理论和刚性旋翼CFD方法,耦合的CFD/CSD方法可以更准确地预测BVI状态气弹载荷,并有效地模拟桨叶前行侧方位角和后行侧方位角附近的BVI现象,对BVI导致的升力波动幅值和相位的计算结果均与试验值吻合良好.